Well, qualia are supposed to be individual subjective experiences, but of course there are different definitions of what they really are. For the hard problem of consciousness and whether we are more than just robots that evolved naturally, I don't know. I suspect there is something more, but this could be linked to higher dimensions of physics that we haven't really discovered yet.

As for mantis shrimps, scientists are able to simulate the way they see depending on how the wavelengths hit the 12 different cones. While of course it's not a perfect simulation, it does give us an idea. However, yes it's just an approximation.